Hi all! I run into problems with the memory configuration of MariaDB 10.3.27 on Debian 10. It looks as if it exceeds the configured memory. The server hat 4 GB of memory. It runs MariaDB and a Kopano (Mail/Collaboration) server. The configuration I believe I have made is 2GB for MariaDB, plus 1 GB for Kopano. The rest is for reserved for the OS. If I look at the process list, I can see that mysql greatly exceeds the configured 2GB limit: root@exchange64:~# ps -e -o "vsz rss pid comm" | grep mysql 4933304 1604212 852 mysqld The virtual process size is 4.9 GB, with 1.6 GB resident in RAM. I think this is the reason why the server heavily uses swap: root@exchange64:~# free total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 4027240 2812284 117932 49712 1097024 875632 Swap: 4191228 1963464 2227764 <- 1.9 GB of swap in use The server runs only one database. The database itself consists only INNODB tables, with some of them being quite large: MariaDB [zarafa]> show table status; +-------------------+--------+---------+------------+---------+------------- ---+-------------+-----------------+--------------+-------------+----------- -----+---------------------+---------------------+------------+------------- -------+----------+-----------------------------------------+---------+----- -------------+-----------+ | Name | Engine | Version | Row_format | Rows | Avg_row_length | Data_length | Max_data_length | Index_length | Data_free | Auto_increment | Create_time | Update_time | Check_time | Collation | Checksum | Create_options | Comment | Max_index_length | Temporary | +-------------------+--------+---------+------------+---------+------------- ---+-------------+-----------------+--------------+-------------+----------- -----+---------------------+---------------------+------------+------------- -------+----------+-----------------------------------------+---------+----- -------------+-----------+ | abchanges | InnoDB | 10 | Compact | 223 | 293 | 65536 | 0 | 98304 | 13429112832 | 57841 | 2019-10-02 08:01:57 | NULL | NULL | utf8mb4_general_ci | NULL | | | 0 | N | | acl | InnoDB | 10 | Compact | 134 | 122 | 16384 | 0 | 0 | 13429112832 | NULL | 2019-10-02 08:01:57 | NULL | NULL | utf8mb4_general_ci | NULL | | | 0 | N | | changes | InnoDB | 10 | Compact | 3531055 | 136 | 483393536 | 0 | 693075968 | 13429112832 | 4601576 | 2019-10-02 08:06:06 | 2021-04-12 08:06:29 | NULL | utf8mb4_general_ci | NULL | | | 0 | N | | deferredupdate | InnoDB | 10 | Compact | 20038 | 116 | 2342912 | 0 | 442368 | 13429112832 | NULL | 2019-10-02 08:06:06 | 2021-04-12 08:06:29 | NULL | utf8mb4_general_ci | NULL | | | 0 | N | | hierarchy | InnoDB | 10 | Compact | 348880 | 61 | 21495808 | 0 | 12976128 | 13429112832 | 2361351 | 2019-10-02 08:06:07 | 2021-04-12 08:06:29 | NULL | utf8mb4_general_ci | NULL | | | 0 | N | | indexedproperties | InnoDB | 10 | Compact | 259399 | 103 | 26787840 | 0 | 25640960 | 13429112832 | NULL | 2019-10-02 08:06:10 | 2021-04-12 08:06:29 | NULL | utf8mb4_general_ci | NULL | | | 0 | N | | lob | InnoDB | 10 | Compact | 130069 | 175090 | 22773825536 | 0 | 0 | 13429112832 | NULL | 2019-10-02 08:08:59 | 2021-04-12 08:05:53 | NULL | utf8mb4_general_ci | NULL | max_rows=1000000000 avg_row_length=1750 | | 0 | N | | mvproperties | InnoDB | 10 | Compact | 9703 | 158 | 1540096 | 0 | 0 | 13429112832 | NULL | 2019-10-02 08:08:59 | 2021-04-12 06:58:44 | NULL | utf8mb4_general_ci | NULL | | | 0 | N | | names | InnoDB | 10 | Compact | 3283 | 69 | 229376 | 0 | 671744 | 13429112832 | 3294 | 2019-10-02 08:08:59 | NULL | NULL | utf8mb4_general_ci | NULL | | | 0 | N | | object | InnoDB | 10 | Compact | 6 | 2730 | 16384 | 0 | 32768 | 13429112832 | 7 | 2019-10-02 08:08:59 | NULL | NULL | utf8mb4_general_ci | NULL | | | 0 | N | | objectmvproperty | InnoDB | 10 | Compact | 0 | 0 | 16384 | 0 | 0 | 13429112832 | NULL | 2019-10-02 08:08:59 | NULL | NULL | utf8mb4_general_ci | NULL | | | 0 | N | | objectproperty | InnoDB | 10 | Compact | 40 | 409 | 16384 | 0 | 0 | 13429112832 | NULL | 2019-10-02 08:08:59 | NULL | NULL | utf8mb4_general_ci | NULL | | | 0 | N | | objectrelation | InnoDB | 10 | Compact | 3 | 5461 | 16384 | 0 | 0 | 13429112832 | NULL | 2019-10-02 08:08:59 | NULL | NULL | utf8mb4_general_ci | NULL | | | 0 | N | | outgoingqueue | InnoDB | 10 | Compact | 0 | 0 | 16384 | 0 | 0 | 13429112832 | NULL | 2019-10-02 08:08:59 | 2021-04-12 07:20:40 | NULL | utf8mb4_general_ci | NULL | | | 0 | N | | properties | InnoDB | 10 | Compact | 9895527 | 414 | 4104863744 | 0 | 0 | 13429112832 | NULL | 2019-10-02 08:12:52 | 2021-04-12 08:18:25 | NULL | utf8mb4_general_ci | NULL | | | 0 | N | | receivefolder | InnoDB | 10 | Compact | 60 | 273 | 16384 | 0 | 16384 | 13429112832 | 209 | 2019-02-06 17:01:07 | NULL | NULL | utf8mb4_general_ci | NULL | | | 0 | N | | searchresults | InnoDB | 10 | Compact | 7404 | 161 | 1196032 | 0 | 0 | 13429112832 | NULL | 2019-02-06 17:01:08 | 2021-04-12 06:58:46 | NULL | utf8mb4_general_ci | NULL | | | 0 | N | | settings | InnoDB | 10 | Compact | 6 | 2730 | 16384 | 0 | 0 | 13429112832 | NULL | 2019-02-06 17:07:00 | 2021-04-12 08:05:53 | NULL | utf8mb4_general_ci | NULL | | | 0 | N | | singleinstances | InnoDB | 10 | Compact | 93075 | 70 | 6553600 | 0 | 4472832 | 13429112832 | 789962 | 2019-02-06 17:01:09 | 2021-04-12 08:05:53 | NULL | utf8mb4_general_ci | NULL | | | 0 | N | | stores | InnoDB | 10 | Compact | 16 | 1024 | 16384 | 0 | 16384 | 13429112832 | 55 | 2019-02-06 17:01:09 | NULL | NULL | utf8mb4_general_ci | NULL | | | 0 | N | | syncedmessages | InnoDB | 10 | Compact | 31098 | 135 | 4210688 | 0 | 2113536 | 13429112832 | NULL | 2019-02-06 17:01:09 | 2021-04-12 08:08:07 | NULL | utf8mb4_general_ci | NULL | | | 0 | N | | syncs | InnoDB | 10 | Compact | 30813 | 85 | 2621440 | 0 | 5750784 | 13429112832 | 255042 | 2019-02-06 17:01:10 | 2021-04-12 08:18:24 | NULL | utf8mb4_general_ci | NULL | | | 0 | N | | tproperties | InnoDB | 10 | Compact | 8528065 | 103 | 881278976 | 0 | 319373312 | 13429112832 | NULL | 2019-02-06 17:06:59 | 2021-04-12 08:06:29 | NULL | utf8mb4_general_ci | NULL | | | 0 | N | | usergroup_acl | InnoDB | 10 | Compact | 2 | 8192 | 16384 | 0 | 0 | 13429112832 | NULL | 2018-11-08 18:13:26 | NULL | NULL | latin1_swedish_ci | NULL | | | 0 | N | | users | InnoDB | 10 | Compact | 24 | 682 | 16384 | 0 | 16384 | 13429112832 | 86 | 2019-02-06 17:06:59 | NULL | NULL | utf8mb4_general_ci | NULL | | | 0 | N | | versions | InnoDB | 10 | Compact | 88 | 186 | 16384 | 0 | 0 | 13429112832 | NULL | 2019-02-06 17:06:59 | NULL | NULL | utf8mb4_general_ci | NULL | | | 0 | N | +-------------------+--------+---------+------------+---------+------------- ---+-------------+-----------------+--------------+-------------+----------- -----+---------------------+---------------------+------------+------------- -------+----------+-----------------------------------------+---------+----- -------------+-----------+ 26 rows in set (0.490 sec) These are the innodb variables: MariaDB [zarafa]> show variables like 'innodb%'; +---------------------------------------------+------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------------------------------------+------------------------+ | innodb_adaptive_flushing | ON | | innodb_adaptive_flushing_lwm | 10.000000 | | innodb_adaptive_hash_index | ON | | innodb_adaptive_hash_index_parts | 8 | | innodb_adaptive_max_sleep_delay | 150000 | | innodb_autoextend_increment | 64 | | innodb_autoinc_lock_mode | 1 | | innodb_background_scrub_data_check_interval | 3600 | | innodb_background_scrub_data_compressed | OFF | | innodb_background_scrub_data_interval | 604800 | | innodb_background_scrub_data_uncompressed | OFF | | innodb_buf_dump_status_frequency | 0 | | innodb_buffer_pool_chunk_size | 134217728 | | innodb_buffer_pool_dump_at_shutdown | ON | | innodb_buffer_pool_dump_now | OFF | | innodb_buffer_pool_dump_pct | 25 | | innodb_buffer_pool_filename | ib_buffer_pool | | innodb_buffer_pool_instances | 8 | | innodb_buffer_pool_load_abort | OFF | | innodb_buffer_pool_load_at_startup | ON | | innodb_buffer_pool_load_now | OFF | | innodb_buffer_pool_size | 2147483648 | | innodb_change_buffer_max_size | 25 | | innodb_change_buffering | all | | innodb_checksum_algorithm | crc32 | | innodb_checksums | ON | | innodb_cmp_per_index_enabled | OFF | | innodb_commit_concurrency | 0 | | innodb_compression_algorithm | zlib | | innodb_compression_default | OFF | | innodb_compression_failure_threshold_pct | 5 | | innodb_compression_level | 6 | | innodb_compression_pad_pct_max | 50 | | innodb_concurrency_tickets | 5000 | | innodb_data_file_path | ibdata1:12M:autoextend | | innodb_data_home_dir | | | innodb_deadlock_detect | ON | | innodb_default_encryption_key_id | 1 | | innodb_default_row_format | dynamic | | innodb_defragment | OFF | | innodb_defragment_fill_factor | 0.900000 | | innodb_defragment_fill_factor_n_recs | 20 | | innodb_defragment_frequency | 40 | | innodb_defragment_n_pages | 7 | | innodb_defragment_stats_accuracy | 0 | | innodb_disable_sort_file_cache | OFF | | innodb_disallow_writes | OFF | | innodb_doublewrite | ON | | innodb_encrypt_log | OFF | | innodb_encrypt_tables | OFF | | innodb_encrypt_temporary_tables | OFF | | innodb_encryption_rotate_key_age | 1 | | innodb_encryption_rotation_iops | 100 | | innodb_encryption_threads | 0 | | innodb_fast_shutdown | 1 | | innodb_fatal_semaphore_wait_threshold | 600 | | innodb_file_format | | | innodb_file_per_table | ON | | innodb_fill_factor | 100 | | innodb_flush_log_at_timeout | 1 | | innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit | 1 | | innodb_flush_method | fsync | | innodb_flush_neighbors | 1 | | innodb_flush_sync | ON | | innodb_flushing_avg_loops | 30 | | innodb_force_load_corrupted | OFF | | innodb_force_primary_key | OFF | | innodb_force_recovery | 0 | | innodb_ft_aux_table | | | innodb_ft_cache_size | 8000000 | | innodb_ft_enable_diag_print | OFF | | innodb_ft_enable_stopword | ON | | innodb_ft_max_token_size | 84 | | innodb_ft_min_token_size | 3 | | innodb_ft_num_word_optimize | 2000 | | innodb_ft_result_cache_limit | 2000000000 | | innodb_ft_server_stopword_table | | | innodb_ft_sort_pll_degree | 2 | | innodb_ft_total_cache_size | 640000000 | | innodb_ft_user_stopword_table | | | innodb_idle_flush_pct | 100 | | innodb_immediate_scrub_data_uncompressed | OFF | | innodb_instant_alter_column_allowed | add_last | | innodb_io_capacity | 200 | | innodb_io_capacity_max | 2000 | | innodb_large_prefix | | | innodb_lock_schedule_algorithm | fcfs | | innodb_lock_wait_timeout | 50 | | innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog | OFF | | innodb_log_buffer_size | 33554432 | | innodb_log_checksums | ON | | innodb_log_compressed_pages | ON | | innodb_log_file_size | 536870912 | | innodb_log_files_in_group | 2 | | innodb_log_group_home_dir | ./ | | innodb_log_optimize_ddl | OFF | | innodb_log_write_ahead_size | 8192 | | innodb_lru_scan_depth | 1024 | | innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct | 75.000000 | | innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct_lwm | 0.000000 | | innodb_max_purge_lag | 0 | | innodb_max_purge_lag_delay | 0 | | innodb_max_purge_lag_wait | 4294967295 | | innodb_max_undo_log_size | 10485760 | | innodb_monitor_disable | | | innodb_monitor_enable | | | innodb_monitor_reset | | | innodb_monitor_reset_all | | | innodb_old_blocks_pct | 37 | | innodb_old_blocks_time | 1000 | | innodb_online_alter_log_max_size | 134217728 | | innodb_open_files | 1000 | | innodb_optimize_fulltext_only | OFF | | innodb_page_cleaners | 4 | | innodb_page_size | 16384 | | innodb_prefix_index_cluster_optimization | OFF | | innodb_print_all_deadlocks | OFF | | innodb_purge_batch_size | 300 | | innodb_purge_rseg_truncate_frequency | 128 | | innodb_purge_threads | 4 | | innodb_random_read_ahead | OFF | | innodb_read_ahead_threshold | 56 | | innodb_read_io_threads | 4 | | innodb_read_only | OFF | | innodb_replication_delay | 0 | | innodb_rollback_on_timeout | OFF | | innodb_rollback_segments | 128 | | innodb_scrub_log | OFF | | innodb_scrub_log_speed | 256 | | innodb_sort_buffer_size | 1048576 | | innodb_spin_wait_delay | 4 | | innodb_stats_auto_recalc | ON | | innodb_stats_include_delete_marked | OFF | | innodb_stats_method | nulls_equal | | innodb_stats_modified_counter | 0 | | innodb_stats_on_metadata | OFF | | innodb_stats_persistent | ON | | innodb_stats_persistent_sample_pages | 20 | | innodb_stats_sample_pages | 8 | | innodb_stats_traditional | ON | | innodb_stats_transient_sample_pages | 8 | | innodb_status_output | OFF | | innodb_status_output_locks | OFF | | innodb_strict_mode | ON | | innodb_sync_array_size | 1 | | innodb_sync_spin_loops | 30 | | innodb_table_locks | ON | | innodb_temp_data_file_path | ibtmp1:12M:autoextend | | innodb_thread_concurrency | 0 | | innodb_thread_sleep_delay | 10000 | | innodb_tmpdir | | | innodb_undo_directory | ./ | | innodb_undo_log_truncate | OFF | | innodb_undo_logs | 128 | | innodb_undo_tablespaces | 0 | | innodb_use_atomic_writes | ON | | innodb_use_native_aio | ON | | innodb_version | 10.3.27 | | innodb_write_io_threads | 4 | +---------------------------------------------+------------------------+ 159 rows in set (0.217 sec) And for completeness, all variables (sorry, it's long and looks ugly): root@exchange64:/etc/mysql/conf.d# mailto:root@exchange64:/etc/mysql/conf.d# echo "show variables;" | mysql zarafa Variable_name Value alter_algorithm DEFAULT aria_block_size 8192 aria_checkpoint_interval 30 aria_checkpoint_log_activity 1048576 aria_encrypt_tables OFF aria_force_start_after_recovery_failures 0 aria_group_commit none aria_group_commit_interval 0 aria_log_file_size 1073741824 aria_log_purge_type immediate aria_max_sort_file_size 9223372036853727232 aria_page_checksum ON aria_pagecache_age_threshold 300 aria_pagecache_buffer_size 134217728 aria_pagecache_division_limit 100 aria_pagecache_file_hash_size 512 aria_recover_options BACKUP,QUICK aria_repair_threads 1 aria_sort_buffer_size 268434432 aria_stats_method nulls_unequal aria_sync_log_dir NEWFILE aria_used_for_temp_tables ON auto_increment_increment 1 auto_increment_offset 1 autocommit ON automatic_sp_privileges ON back_log 80 basedir /usr big_tables OFF bind_address 127.0.0.1 binlog_annotate_row_events ON binlog_cache_size 32768 binlog_checksum CRC32 binlog_commit_wait_count 0 binlog_commit_wait_usec 100000 binlog_direct_non_transactional_updates OFF binlog_file_cache_size 16384 binlog_format MIXED binlog_optimize_thread_scheduling ON binlog_row_image FULL binlog_stmt_cache_size 32768 bulk_insert_buffer_size 8388608 character_set_client utf8mb4 character_set_connection utf8mb4 character_set_database latin1 character_set_filesystem binary character_set_results utf8mb4 character_set_server utf8mb4 character_set_system utf8 character_sets_dir /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ check_constraint_checks ON collation_connection utf8mb4_general_ci collation_database latin1_swedish_ci collation_server utf8mb4_general_ci column_compression_threshold 100 column_compression_zlib_level 6 column_compression_zlib_strategy DEFAULT_STRATEGY column_compression_zlib_wrap OFF completion_type NO_CHAIN concurrent_insert AUTO connect_timeout 10 core_file OFF datadir /var/lib/mysql/ date_format %Y-%m-%d datetime_format %Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s deadlock_search_depth_long 15 deadlock_search_depth_short 4 deadlock_timeout_long 50000000 deadlock_timeout_short 10000 debug_no_thread_alarm OFF default_master_connection default_regex_flags default_storage_engine InnoDB default_tmp_storage_engine default_week_format 0 delay_key_write ON delayed_insert_limit 100 delayed_insert_timeout 300 delayed_queue_size 1000 div_precision_increment 4 encrypt_binlog OFF encrypt_tmp_disk_tables OFF encrypt_tmp_files OFF enforce_storage_engine eq_range_index_dive_limit 0 error_count 0 event_scheduler OFF expensive_subquery_limit 100 expire_logs_days 10 explicit_defaults_for_timestamp OFF external_user extra_max_connections 1 extra_port 0 flush OFF flush_time 0 foreign_key_checks ON ft_boolean_syntax + -><()~*:""&| ft_max_word_len 84 ft_min_word_len 4 ft_query_expansion_limit 20 ft_stopword_file (built-in) general_log OFF general_log_file exchange64.log group_concat_max_len 1048576 gtid_binlog_pos gtid_binlog_state gtid_current_pos gtid_domain_id 0 gtid_ignore_duplicates OFF gtid_pos_auto_engines gtid_seq_no 0 gtid_slave_pos gtid_strict_mode OFF have_compress YES have_crypt YES have_dynamic_loading YES have_geometry YES have_openssl NO have_profiling YES have_query_cache YES have_rtree_keys YES have_ssl DISABLED have_symlink YES histogram_size 0 histogram_type SINGLE_PREC_HB host_cache_size 279 hostname exchange64 identity 0 idle_readonly_transaction_timeout 0 idle_transaction_timeout 0 idle_write_transaction_timeout 0 ignore_builtin_innodb OFF ignore_db_dirs in_predicate_conversion_threshold 1000 in_transaction 0 init_connect init_file init_slave innodb_adaptive_flushing ON innodb_adaptive_flushing_lwm 10.000000 innodb_adaptive_hash_index ON innodb_adaptive_hash_index_parts 8 innodb_adaptive_max_sleep_delay 150000 innodb_autoextend_increment 64 innodb_autoinc_lock_mode 1 innodb_background_scrub_data_check_interval 3600 innodb_background_scrub_data_compressed OFF innodb_background_scrub_data_interval 604800 innodb_background_scrub_data_uncompressed OFF innodb_buf_dump_status_frequency 0 innodb_buffer_pool_chunk_size 134217728 innodb_buffer_pool_dump_at_shutdown ON innodb_buffer_pool_dump_now OFF innodb_buffer_pool_dump_pct 25 innodb_buffer_pool_filename ib_buffer_pool innodb_buffer_pool_instances 8 innodb_buffer_pool_load_abort OFF innodb_buffer_pool_load_at_startup ON innodb_buffer_pool_load_now OFF innodb_buffer_pool_size 2147483648 innodb_change_buffer_max_size 25 innodb_change_buffering all innodb_checksum_algorithm crc32 innodb_checksums ON innodb_cmp_per_index_enabled OFF innodb_commit_concurrency 0 innodb_compression_algorithm zlib innodb_compression_default OFF innodb_compression_failure_threshold_pct 5 innodb_compression_level 6 innodb_compression_pad_pct_max 50 innodb_concurrency_tickets 5000 innodb_data_file_path ibdata1:12M:autoextend innodb_data_home_dir innodb_deadlock_detect ON innodb_default_encryption_key_id 1 innodb_default_row_format dynamic innodb_defragment OFF innodb_defragment_fill_factor 0.900000 innodb_defragment_fill_factor_n_recs 20 innodb_defragment_frequency 40 innodb_defragment_n_pages 7 innodb_defragment_stats_accuracy 0 innodb_disable_sort_file_cache OFF innodb_disallow_writes OFF innodb_doublewrite ON innodb_encrypt_log OFF innodb_encrypt_tables OFF innodb_encrypt_temporary_tables OFF innodb_encryption_rotate_key_age 1 innodb_encryption_rotation_iops 100 innodb_encryption_threads 0 innodb_fast_shutdown 1 innodb_fatal_semaphore_wait_threshold 600 innodb_file_format innodb_file_per_table ON innodb_fill_factor 100 innodb_flush_log_at_timeout 1 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit 1 innodb_flush_method fsync innodb_flush_neighbors 1 innodb_flush_sync ON innodb_flushing_avg_loops 30 innodb_force_load_corrupted OFF innodb_force_primary_key OFF innodb_force_recovery 0 innodb_ft_aux_table innodb_ft_cache_size 8000000 innodb_ft_enable_diag_print OFF innodb_ft_enable_stopword ON innodb_ft_max_token_size 84 innodb_ft_min_token_size 3 innodb_ft_num_word_optimize 2000 innodb_ft_result_cache_limit 2000000000 innodb_ft_server_stopword_table innodb_ft_sort_pll_degree 2 innodb_ft_total_cache_size 640000000 innodb_ft_user_stopword_table innodb_idle_flush_pct 100 innodb_immediate_scrub_data_uncompressed OFF innodb_instant_alter_column_allowed add_last innodb_io_capacity 200 innodb_io_capacity_max 2000 innodb_large_prefix innodb_lock_schedule_algorithm fcfs innodb_lock_wait_timeout 50 innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog OFF innodb_log_buffer_size 33554432 innodb_log_checksums ON innodb_log_compressed_pages ON innodb_log_file_size 536870912 innodb_log_files_in_group 2 innodb_log_group_home_dir ./ innodb_log_optimize_ddl OFF innodb_log_write_ahead_size 8192 innodb_lru_scan_depth 1024 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct 75.000000 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct_lwm 0.000000 innodb_max_purge_lag 0 innodb_max_purge_lag_delay 0 innodb_max_purge_lag_wait 4294967295 innodb_max_undo_log_size 10485760 innodb_monitor_disable innodb_monitor_enable innodb_monitor_reset innodb_monitor_reset_all innodb_old_blocks_pct 37 innodb_old_blocks_time 1000 innodb_online_alter_log_max_size 134217728 innodb_open_files 1000 innodb_optimize_fulltext_only OFF innodb_page_cleaners 4 innodb_page_size 16384 innodb_prefix_index_cluster_optimization OFF innodb_print_all_deadlocks OFF innodb_purge_batch_size 300 innodb_purge_rseg_truncate_frequency 128 innodb_purge_threads 4 innodb_random_read_ahead OFF innodb_read_ahead_threshold 56 innodb_read_io_threads 4 innodb_read_only OFF innodb_replication_delay 0 innodb_rollback_on_timeout OFF innodb_rollback_segments 128 innodb_scrub_log OFF innodb_scrub_log_speed 256 innodb_sort_buffer_size 1048576 innodb_spin_wait_delay 4 innodb_stats_auto_recalc ON innodb_stats_include_delete_marked OFF innodb_stats_method nulls_equal innodb_stats_modified_counter 0 innodb_stats_on_metadata OFF innodb_stats_persistent ON innodb_stats_persistent_sample_pages 20 innodb_stats_sample_pages 8 innodb_stats_traditional ON innodb_stats_transient_sample_pages 8 innodb_status_output OFF innodb_status_output_locks OFF innodb_strict_mode ON innodb_sync_array_size 1 innodb_sync_spin_loops 30 innodb_table_locks ON innodb_temp_data_file_path ibtmp1:12M:autoextend innodb_thread_concurrency 0 innodb_thread_sleep_delay 10000 innodb_tmpdir innodb_undo_directory ./ innodb_undo_log_truncate OFF innodb_undo_logs 128 innodb_undo_tablespaces 0 innodb_use_atomic_writes ON innodb_use_native_aio ON innodb_version 10.3.27 innodb_write_io_threads 4 insert_id 0 interactive_timeout 28800 join_buffer_size 262144 join_buffer_space_limit 2097152 join_cache_level 2 keep_files_on_create OFF key_buffer_size 134217728 key_cache_age_threshold 300 key_cache_block_size 1024 key_cache_division_limit 100 key_cache_file_hash_size 512 key_cache_segments 0 large_files_support ON large_page_size 0 large_pages OFF last_gtid last_insert_id 0 lc_messages en_US lc_messages_dir /usr/share/mysql lc_time_names en_US license GPL local_infile ON lock_wait_timeout 86400 locked_in_memory OFF log_bin OFF log_bin_basename log_bin_compress OFF log_bin_compress_min_len 256 log_bin_index log_bin_trust_function_creators OFF log_disabled_statements sp log_error /var/log/mysql/error.log log_output FILE log_queries_not_using_indexes OFF log_slave_updates OFF log_slow_admin_statements ON log_slow_disabled_statements sp log_slow_filter admin,filesort,filesort_on_disk,filesort_priority_queue,full_join,full_scan, query_cache,query_cache_miss,tmp_table,tmp_table_on_disk log_slow_rate_limit 1 log_slow_slave_statements ON log_slow_verbosity log_tc_size 24576 log_warnings 2 long_query_time 10.000000 low_priority_updates OFF lower_case_file_system OFF lower_case_table_names 0 master_verify_checksum OFF max_allowed_packet 16777216 max_binlog_cache_size 18446744073709547520 max_binlog_size 1073741824 max_binlog_stmt_cache_size 18446744073709547520 max_connect_errors 100 max_connections 151 max_delayed_threads 20 max_digest_length 1024 max_error_count 64 max_heap_table_size 16777216 max_insert_delayed_threads 20 max_join_size 18446744073709551615 max_length_for_sort_data 1024 max_long_data_size 16777216 max_prepared_stmt_count 16382 max_recursive_iterations 4294967295 max_relay_log_size 1073741824 max_seeks_for_key 4294967295 max_session_mem_used 9223372036854775807 max_sort_length 1024 max_sp_recursion_depth 0 max_statement_time 0.000000 max_tmp_tables 32 max_user_connections 0 max_write_lock_count 4294967295 metadata_locks_cache_size 1024 metadata_locks_hash_instances 8 min_examined_row_limit 0 mrr_buffer_size 262144 multi_range_count 256 myisam_block_size 1024 myisam_data_pointer_size 6 myisam_max_sort_file_size 9223372036853727232 myisam_mmap_size 18446744073709551615 myisam_recover_options BACKUP,QUICK myisam_repair_threads 1 myisam_sort_buffer_size 134216704 myisam_stats_method NULLS_UNEQUAL myisam_use_mmap OFF mysql56_temporal_format ON net_buffer_length 16384 net_read_timeout 30 net_retry_count 10 net_write_timeout 60 old OFF old_alter_table DEFAULT old_mode old_passwords OFF open_files_limit 16186 optimizer_prune_level 1 optimizer_search_depth 62 optimizer_selectivity_sampling_limit 100 optimizer_switch index_merge=on,index_merge_union=on,index_merge_sort_union=on,index_merge_in tersection=on,index_merge_sort_intersection=off,engine_condition_pushdown=of f,index_condition_pushdown=on,derived_merge=on,derived_with_keys=on,firstmat ch=on,loosescan=on,materialization=on,in_to_exists=on,semijoin=on,partial_ma tch_rowid_merge=on,partial_match_table_scan=on,subquery_cache=on,mrr=off,mrr _cost_based=off,mrr_sort_keys=off,outer_join_with_cache=on,semijoin_with_cac he=on,join_cache_incremental=on,join_cache_hashed=on,join_cache_bka=on,optim ize_join_buffer_size=off,table_elimination=on,extended_keys=on,exists_to_in= on,orderby_uses_equalities=on,condition_pushdown_for_derived=on,split_materi alized=on optimizer_use_condition_selectivity 1 performance_schema OFF performance_schema_accounts_size -1 performance_schema_digests_size -1 performance_schema_events_stages_history_long_size -1 performance_schema_events_stages_history_size -1 performance_schema_events_statements_history_long_size -1 performance_schema_events_statements_history_size -1 performance_schema_events_waits_history_long_size -1 performance_schema_events_waits_history_size -1 performance_schema_hosts_size -1 performance_schema_max_cond_classes 80 performance_schema_max_cond_instances -1 performance_schema_max_digest_length 1024 performance_schema_max_file_classes 50 performance_schema_max_file_handles 32768 performance_schema_max_file_instances -1 performance_schema_max_mutex_classes 200 performance_schema_max_mutex_instances -1 performance_schema_max_rwlock_classes 40 performance_schema_max_rwlock_instances -1 performance_schema_max_socket_classes 10 performance_schema_max_socket_instances -1 performance_schema_max_stage_classes 160 performance_schema_max_statement_classes 200 performance_schema_max_table_handles -1 performance_schema_max_table_instances -1 performance_schema_max_thread_classes 50 performance_schema_max_thread_instances -1 performance_schema_session_connect_attrs_size -1 performance_schema_setup_actors_size 100 performance_schema_setup_objects_size 100 performance_schema_users_size -1 pid_file /run/mysqld/mysqld.pid plugin_dir /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/mariadb19/plugin/ plugin_maturity gamma port 3306 preload_buffer_size 32768 profiling OFF profiling_history_size 15 progress_report_time 5 protocol_version 10 proxy_protocol_networks proxy_user pseudo_slave_mode OFF pseudo_thread_id 10804 query_alloc_block_size 16384 query_cache_limit 1048576 query_cache_min_res_unit 4096 query_cache_size 16777216 query_cache_strip_comments OFF query_cache_type ON query_cache_wlock_invalidate OFF query_prealloc_size 24576 rand_seed1 27429069 rand_seed2 533006049 range_alloc_block_size 4096 read_binlog_speed_limit 0 read_buffer_size 131072 read_only OFF read_rnd_buffer_size 262144 relay_log relay_log_basename relay_log_index relay_log_info_file relay-log.info relay_log_purge ON relay_log_recovery OFF relay_log_space_limit 0 replicate_annotate_row_events ON replicate_do_db replicate_do_table replicate_events_marked_for_skip REPLICATE replicate_ignore_db replicate_ignore_table replicate_wild_do_table replicate_wild_ignore_table report_host report_password report_port 3306 report_user rowid_merge_buff_size 8388608 rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled OFF rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout 10000 rpl_semi_sync_master_trace_level 32 rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_no_slave ON rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_point AFTER_COMMIT rpl_semi_sync_slave_delay_master OFF rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled OFF rpl_semi_sync_slave_kill_conn_timeout 5 rpl_semi_sync_slave_trace_level 32 secure_auth ON secure_file_priv secure_timestamp NO server_id 1 session_track_schema ON session_track_state_change OFF session_track_system_variables autocommit,character_set_client,character_set_connection,character_set_resul ts,time_zone session_track_transaction_info OFF skip_external_locking ON skip_name_resolve OFF skip_networking OFF skip_parallel_replication OFF skip_replication OFF skip_show_database OFF slave_compressed_protocol OFF slave_ddl_exec_mode IDEMPOTENT slave_domain_parallel_threads 0 slave_exec_mode STRICT slave_load_tmpdir /tmp slave_max_allowed_packet 1073741824 slave_net_timeout 60 slave_parallel_max_queued 131072 slave_parallel_mode conservative slave_parallel_threads 0 slave_parallel_workers 0 slave_run_triggers_for_rbr NO slave_skip_errors OFF slave_sql_verify_checksum ON slave_transaction_retries 10 slave_transaction_retry_errors 1213,1205 slave_transaction_retry_interval 0 slave_type_conversions slow_launch_time 2 slow_query_log OFF slow_query_log_file exchange64-slow.log socket /run/mysqld/mysqld.sock sort_buffer_size 2097152 sql_auto_is_null OFF sql_big_selects ON sql_buffer_result OFF sql_log_bin ON sql_log_off OFF sql_mode STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE _SUBSTITUTION sql_notes ON sql_quote_show_create ON sql_safe_updates OFF sql_select_limit 18446744073709551615 sql_slave_skip_counter 0 sql_warnings OFF ssl_ca ssl_capath ssl_cert ssl_cipher ssl_crl ssl_crlpath ssl_key standard_compliant_cte ON storage_engine InnoDB stored_program_cache 256 strict_password_validation ON sync_binlog 0 sync_frm ON sync_master_info 10000 sync_relay_log 10000 sync_relay_log_info 10000 system_time_zone CEST system_versioning_alter_history ERROR system_versioning_asof DEFAULT table_definition_cache 400 table_open_cache 1000 table_open_cache_instances 8 tcp_keepalive_interval 0 tcp_keepalive_probes 0 tcp_keepalive_time 0 thread_cache_size 151 thread_concurrency 10 thread_handling one-thread-per-connection thread_pool_idle_timeout 60 thread_pool_max_threads 65536 thread_pool_oversubscribe 3 thread_pool_prio_kickup_timer 1000 thread_pool_priority auto thread_pool_size 4 thread_pool_stall_limit 500 thread_stack 299008 time_format %H:%i:%s time_zone SYSTEM timed_mutexes OFF timestamp 1618208688.935216 tmp_disk_table_size 18446744073709551615 tmp_memory_table_size 16777216 tmp_table_size 16777216 tmpdir /tmp transaction_alloc_block_size 8192 transaction_prealloc_size 4096 tx_isolation REPEATABLE-READ tx_read_only OFF unique_checks ON updatable_views_with_limit YES use_stat_tables NEVER userstat OFF version 10.3.27-MariaDB-0+deb10u1 version_comment Debian 10 version_compile_machine x86_64 version_compile_os debian-linux-gnu version_malloc_library system version_source_revision dba846ce2a4c57363c4f0256b0e6d2dd1a55ac40 version_ssl_library YaSSL 2.4.4 wait_timeout 28800 warning_count 0 wsrep_osu_method TOI wsrep_auto_increment_control ON wsrep_causal_reads OFF wsrep_certification_rules strict wsrep_certify_nonpk ON wsrep_cluster_address wsrep_cluster_name my_wsrep_cluster wsrep_convert_lock_to_trx OFF wsrep_data_home_dir /var/lib/mysql/ wsrep_dbug_option wsrep_debug OFF wsrep_desync OFF wsrep_dirty_reads OFF wsrep_drupal_282555_workaround OFF wsrep_forced_binlog_format NONE wsrep_gtid_domain_id 0 wsrep_gtid_mode OFF wsrep_load_data_splitting ON wsrep_log_conflicts OFF wsrep_max_ws_rows 0 wsrep_max_ws_size 2147483647 wsrep_mysql_replication_bundle 0 wsrep_node_address wsrep_node_incoming_address AUTO wsrep_node_name exchange64 wsrep_notify_cmd wsrep_on OFF wsrep_patch_version wsrep_25.24 wsrep_provider none wsrep_provider_options wsrep_recover OFF wsrep_reject_queries NONE wsrep_replicate_myisam OFF wsrep_restart_slave OFF wsrep_retry_autocommit 1 wsrep_slave_fk_checks ON wsrep_slave_uk_checks OFF wsrep_slave_threads 1 wsrep_sst_auth wsrep_sst_donor wsrep_sst_donor_rejects_queries OFF wsrep_sst_method rsync wsrep_sst_receive_address AUTO wsrep_start_position 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000:-1 wsrep_sync_wait 0 Can somebody please give me an advice what I made wrong to limit the memory usage of MariaDB to 2 GB? Thank you very much! Sig